Sales invoice vs. an official receipt
Section 237 of the Tax Code of the Philippines mandates every taxpayer engaged in trade or business to issue an official receipt and/or a sales invoice for each sale and transfer of goods and services to the purchaser, at the time the transaction is effected.
What’s the difference between invoices and official receipts?
- Invoices or sales invoices are used for the sale of goods.
- Official receipts are used for the sale of services
Definition for tax purposes
Revenue Regulation No. 18-2012 classifies sales invoices and official receipts into principal and supplementary.
- Principal receipts/invoices
There are four kinds of principal receipts or invoices that can either be VAT or Non-VAT. These “written acknowledgments” can come from cash registers duly registered with the BIR, or from BIR-approved receipt books.
- VAT sales invoice
Used for either cash or credit, this invoice shows:
- How much output VAT a seller owes for that particular transaction
- Input tax claim of the buyer
- VAT official receipt
Used as reference for seller’s output VAT and the input VAT claim of the buyer. It shows:
- How much output VAT a seller owes for that particular transaction
- Input VAT claim of the buyer
- Non-VAT sales invoice
It shows how much percentage tax a seller owes for that particular transaction. The percentage tax is a type of business tax levied on businesses whose gross annual sales do not exceed PHP 1,919,500 and are not VAT registered. See full official description here.
- Non-VAT official receipt
Issued by the seller to the buyer proving the sale of a service or the leasing of property. It shows how much percentage tax the seller owes for that particular transaction.
In the Philippines, sellers are required to charge their customers the requisite VAT on purchased items; this is called input VAT. In turn, sellers need to remit this VAT to the BIR as output VAT.
- Output VAT is the percentage of VAT that comes from a seller’s revenue. This is what businesses record in their balance sheets as a liability account and is passed on to customers in the form of input VAT, an asset.
- Input VAT is VAT that is passed on to buyers. It is incurred from a customer’s expenses.